the world i live in-海伦·凯勒自传(英文版)-第3章

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〃mend　unto　his　lips　thy　favouring　hand。〃　In　a　different　mood　he　is
enraged　because　Thyreus；　whom　he　despises；　has　presumed　to　kiss　the　hand
of　the　queen；　〃my　playfellow；　the　kingly　seal　of　high　hearts。〃　When
Cleopatra　is　threatened　with　the　humiliation　of　gracing　Caesar's　triumph；
she　snatches　a　dagger；　exclaiming；　〃I　will　trust　my　resolution　and　my
good　hands。〃　With　the　same　swift　instinct；　Cassius　trusts　to　his　hands
when　he　stabs　Caesar：　〃Speak；　hands；　for　me！〃　〃Let　me　kiss　your　hand；〃
says　the　blind　Gloster　to　Lear。　〃Let　me　wipe　it　first；〃　replies　the
broken　old　king；　〃it　smells　of　mortality。〃　How　charged　is　this　single
touch　with　sad　meaning！　How　it　opens　our　eyes　to　the　fearful　purging
Lear　has　undergone；　to　learn　that　royalty　is　no　defence　against
ingratitude　and　cruelty！　Gloster's　exclamation　about　his　son；　〃Did　I　but
live　to　see　thee　in　my　touch；　I'd　say　I　had　eyes　again；〃　is　as　true　to　a
pulse　within　me　as　the　grief　he　feels。　The　ghost　in　〃Hamlet〃　recites　the
wrongs　from　which　springs　the　tragedy：

　　　　　　　　　　Thus　was　I；　sleeping；　by　a　brother's　hand。
　　　　　　　　　　At　once　of　life；　of　crown；　of　queen　dispatch'd。

How　that　passage　in　〃Othello〃　stops　your　breath……that　passage　full　of
bitter　double　intention　in　which　Othello's　suspicion　tips　with　evil　what
he　says　about　Desdemona's　hand；　and　she　in　innocence　answers　only　the
innocent　meaning　of　his　words：　〃For　'twas　that　hand　that　gave　away　my
heart。〃

Not　all　Shakspere's　great　passages　about　the　hand　are　tragic。　Remember
the　light　play　of　words　in　〃Romeo　and　Juliet〃　where　the　dialogue；　flying
nimbly　back　and　forth；　weaves　a　pretty　son　about　the　hand。　And　who
knows　the　hand；　if　not　the　lover？

The　touch　of　the　hand　is　in　every　chapter　of　the　Bible。　Why；　you　could
almost　rewrite　Exodus　as　the　story　of　the　hand。　Everything　is　done　by
the　hand　of　the　Lord　and　of　Moses。　The　oppression　of　the　Hebrews　is
translated　thus：　〃The　hand　of　Pharaoh　was　heavy　upon　the　Hebrews。〃　Their
departure　out　of　the　land　is　told　in　these　vivid　words：　〃The　Lord
brought　the　children　of　Israel　out　of　the　house　of　bondage　with　a　strong
hand　and　a　stretched…out　arm。〃　At　the　stretching　out　of　the　hand　of
Moses　the　waters　of　the　Red　Sea　part　and　stand　all　on　a　heap。　When　the
Lord　lifts　his　hand　in　anger；　thousands　perish　in　the　wilderness。　Every
act；　every　decree　in　the　history　of　Israel；　as　indeed　in　the　history　of
the　human　race；　is　sanctioned　by　the　hand。　Is　it　not　used　in　the　great
moments　of　swearing；　blessing；　cursing；　smiting；　agreeing；　marrying；
building；　destroying？　Its　sacredness　is　in　the　law　that　no　sacrifice　is
valid　unless　the　sacrificer　lay　his　hand　upon　the　head　of　the　victim。
The　congregation　lay　their　hands　on　the　heads　of　those　who　are　sentenced
to　death。　How　terrible　the　dumb　condemnation　of　their　hands　must　be　to
the　condemned！　When　Moses　builds　the　altar　on　Mount　Sinai；　he　is
manded　to　use　no　tool；　but　rear　it　with　his　own　hands。　Earth；　sea；
sky；　man；　and　all　lower　animals　are　holy　unto　the　Lord　because　he　has
formed　them　with　his　hand。　When　the　Psalmist　considers　the　heavens　and
the　earth；　he　exclaims：　〃What　is　man；　O　Lord；　that　thou　art　mindful　of
him？　For　thou　hast　made　him　to　have　dominion　over　the　works　of　thy
hands。〃　The　supplicating　gesture　of　the　hand　always　acpanies　the
spoken　prayer；　and　with　clean　hands　goes　the　pure　heart。

Christ　forted　and　blessed　and　healed　and　wrought　many　miracles　with
his　hands。　He　touched　the　eyes　of　the　blind；　and　they　were　opened。　When
Jairus　sought　him；　overwhelmed　with　grief；　Jesus　went　and　laid　his　hands
on　the　ruler's　daughter；　and　she　awoke　from　the　sleep　of　death　to　her
father's　love。　You　also　remember　how　he　healed　the　crooked　woman。　He
said　to　her；　〃Woman；　thou　art　loosed　from　thine　infirmity；〃　and　he　laid
his　hands　on　her；　and　immediately　she　was　made　straight；　and　she
glorified　God。

Look　where　we　will；　we　find　the　hand　in　time　and　history；　working；
building；　inventing；　bringing　civilization　out　of　barbarism。　The　hand
symbolizes　power　and　the　excellence　of　work。　The　mechanic's　hand；　that
minister　of　elemental　forces；　the　hand　that　hews；　saws；　cuts；　builds；　is
useful　in　the　world　equally　with　the　delicate　hand　that　paints　a　wild
flower　or　moulds　a　Grecian　urn；　or　the　hand　of　a　statesman　that　writes　a
law。　The　eye　cannot　say　to　the　hand；　〃I　have　no　need　of　thee。〃　Blessed
be　the　hand！　Thrice　blessed　be　the　hands　that　work！




THE　POWER　OF　TOUCH




IV

THE　POWER　OF　TOUCH


SOME　months　ago；　in　a　newspaper　which　announced　the　publication　of　the
〃Matilda　Ziegler　Magazine　for　the　Blind；〃　appeared　the　following
paragraph：

〃Many　poems　and　stories　must　be　omitted　because　they　deal　with　sight。
Allusion　to　moonbeams；　rainbows；　starlight；　clouds；　and　beautiful
scenery　may　not　be　printed；　because　they　serve　to　emphasize　the　blind
man's　sense　of　his　affliction。〃

That　is　to　say；　I　may　not　talk　about　beautiful　mansions　and　gardens
because　I　am　poor。　I　may　not　read　about　Paris　and　the　West　Indies
because　I　cannot　visit　them　in　their　territorial　reality。　I　may　not
dream　of　heaven　because　it　is　possible　that　I　may　never　go　there。　Yet　a
venturesome　spirit　impels　me　to　use　words　of　sight　and　sound　whose
meaning　I　can　guess　only　from　analogy　and　fancy。　This　hazardous　game　is
half　the　delight；　the　frolic；　of　daily　life。　I　glow　as　I　read　of
splendours　which　the　eye　alone　can　survey。　Allusions　to　moonbeams　and
clouds　do　not　emphasize　the　sense　of　my　affliction：　they　carry　my　soul
beyond　affliction's　narrow　actuality。

Critics　delight　to　tell　us　what　we　cannot　do。　They　assume　that　blindness
and　deafness　sever　us　pletely　from　the　things　which　the　seeing　and
the　hearing　enjoy；　and　hence　they　assert　we　have　no　moral　right　to　talk
about　beauty；　the　skies；　mountains；　the　song　of　birds；　and　colours。　They
declare　that　the　very　sensations　we　have　from　the　sense　of　touch　are
〃vicarious；〃　as　though　our　friends　felt　the　sun　for　us！　They　deny　_a
priori_　what　they　have　not　seen　and　I　have　felt。　Some　brave　doubters
have　gone　so　far　even　as　to　deny　my　existence。　In　order；　therefore；　that
I　may　know　that　I　exist；　I　resort　to　Descartes's　method：　〃I　think；
therefore　I　am。〃　Thus　I　am　metaphysically　established；　and　I　throw　upon
the　doubters　the　burden　of　proving　my　non…existence。　When　we　consider
how　little　has　been　found　out　about　the　mind；　is　it　not　amazing　that　any
one　should　presume　to　define　what　one　can　know　or　cannot　know？　I　admit
that　there　are　innumerable　marvels　in　the　visible　universe　unguessed　by
me。　Likewise；　O　confident　critic；　there　are　a　myriad　sensations
perceived　by　me　of　which　you　do　not　dream。

Necessity　gives　to　the　eye　a　precious　power　of　seeing；　and　in　the　same
way　it　gives　a　precious　power　of　feeling　to　the　whole　body。　Sometimes　it
seems　as　if　the　very　substance　of　my　flesh　were　so　many　eyes　looking　out
at　will　upon　a　world　new　created　every　day。　The　silence　and　darkness
which　are　said　to　shut　me　in；　open　my　door　most　hospitably　to　countless
sensations　that　distract；　inform；　admonish；　and　amuse。　With　my　three
trusty　guides；　touch；　smell；　and　taste；　I　make　many　excursions　into　the
borderland　of　experience　which　is　in　sight　of　the　city　of　Light。　Nature
acmodates　itself　to　every　man's　necessity。　If　the　eye　is　maimed；　so
that　it　does　not　see　the　beauteous　face　of　day；　the　touch　bees　more
poignant　and　discriminating。　Nature　proceeds　through　practice　to
strengthen　and　augment　the　remaining　senses。　For　this　reason　the　blind
often　hear　with　greater　ease　and　distinctness　than　other　people。　The
sense　of　smell　bees　almost　a　new　faculty　to　perate　the　tangle　and
vagueness　of　things。　Thus；　according　to　an　immutable　law；　the　senses
assist　and　reinforce　one　another。

It　is　not　for　me　to　say　whether　we　see　best　with　the　hand　or　the　eye。　I
only　know　that　the　world　I　see　with　my　fingers　is　alive；　ruddy；　and
satisfying。　Touch　brings　the　blind　many　sweet　certainties　which　our　more
fortunate　fellows　miss；　because　their　sense　of　touch　is　uncultivated。
When　they　look　at　things；　they　put　their　hands　in　their　pockets。　No
doubt　that　is　one　reason　why　their　knowledge　is　often　so　vague；
inaccurate；　and　useless。　It　is　probable；　too；　that　our　knowledge　of
phenomena　beyond　the　reach　of　the　hand　is　equally　imperfect。　But；　at　all
events；　we　behold　them　through　a　golden　mist　of　fantasy。

There　is　nothing；　however；　misty　or　uncertain　about　what　we　can　touch。
Through　the　sense　of　touch　I　know　the　faces　of　friends；　the　illimitable
variety　of　straight　and　curved　lines；　all　surfaces；　the　exuberance　of
the　soil；　the　delicate　shapes　of　flowers；　the　noble　forms　of　trees；　and
the　range　of　mighty　winds。　Besides　objects；　surfaces；　and　atmospherical
changes；　I　perceive　countless　vibrations。　I　derive　much　knowledge　of
everyday　matter　from　the　jars　and　jolts　which　are　to　be　felt　everywhere
in　the　house。

Footsteps；　I　discover；　vary　tactually　according　to　the　age；　the　sex；　and
the　manners　of　the　walker。　It　is　impossible　to　mistake　a　child's　patter
for　the　tread　of　a　grown　person。　The　step　of　the　young　man；　strong　and
free；　differs　from　the　heavy；　sedate　tread　of　the　middle…aged；　and　from
the　step　of　the　old　man；　whose　feet　drag　along　the　floor；　or　beat　it
with　slow；　faltering　accents。　On　a　bare　floor　a　girl　walks　with　a　rapid；
elastic　rhythm　　the　graver　step　of　the
elderly　woman。　I　have　laughed　over　the　creak　of　new　shoes　and　the
clatter　of　a　stout　maid　performing　a　jig　in　the　kitchen。　One　day；　in　the
dining…room　of　an　hotel；　a　tactual　dissonance　arrested　my　attention。　I
sat　still　and　listened　with　my　feet。　I　found　that　two　waiters　were
walking　back　and　forth；　but　not　with　the　same　gait。　A　band　was　playing；
and　I　could　feel　the　music…waves　along　the　floor。　One　of　the　waiters
walked　in　time　to　the　band；　graceful　and　light；　while　the　other
disregarded　the　music　and　rushed　from　table　to　table　to　the　beat　of　some
discord　in　his　own　mind。　Their　steps　reminded　me　of　a　spirited　war…steed
harnessed　with　a　cart…horse。

Often　footsteps　reveal　in　some　measure　the　character　and　the　mood　of　the
walker。　I　feel　in　them　firmness　and　indecision；　hurry　and　deliberation；
activity　and　laziness；　fatigue；　carelessness；　timidity；　anger；　and
sorrow。　I　am　most　conscious　of　these　moods　and　traits　in　persons　with
whom　I　am　familiar。

Footsteps　are　frequently　interrupted　by　certain　jars　and　jerks；　so　that
I　know　when　one　kneels；　kicks；　shakes　something；　sits　down；　or　gets　up。
Thus　I　follow　to　some　extent　the　actions　of　people　about　me　and　the
changes　of　their　postures。　Just　now　a　thick；　soft　patter　of　bare；　padded
feet　and　a　slight　jolt　told　me　that　my　dog　had　jumped　on　the　chair　to
look　out　of　the　window。　I　do　not；　however；　allow　him　to　go
uninvestigated；　for　occasionally　I　feel　the　same　motion；　and　find　him；
not　on　the　chair；　but　trespassing　on　the　sofa。

When　a　carpenter　works　in　the　house　or　in　the　barn　near　by；　I　know　by
the　slanting；　up…and…down；　toothed　vibration；　and　the　ringing　concussion
of　blow　upon　blow；　that　he　is　sawing　or　hammering。　If　I　am　near　enough；
a　certain　vibration；　travelling　back　and　forth　along　a　wooden　surface；
brings　me　the　information　that　he　is　using　a　plane。

A　slight　flutter　on　the　rug　tells　me　that　a　breeze　has　blown　my　papers
off　the　table。　A　round　thump　is　a　signal　that　a　pencil　has　rolled　on　the
floor。　If　a　book　falls；　it　gives　a　flat　thud。　A　wooden　rap　on　the
balustrade　announces　that　dinner　is　ready。　Many　of　these　vibrations　are
obliterated　out　of　doors。　On　a　lawn　or　the　road；　I　can　feel　only
running；　stamping；　and　the　rumble　of　wheels。

By　placing　my　hand　on　a　person's　lips　and　throat；　I　gain　an　idea　of　many
specific　vibrations；　and　interpret　them：　a　boy's　chuckle；　a　man's
〃Whew！〃　of　surprise；　the　〃Hem！〃　of　annoyance　or　perplexity；　the　moan　of
pain；　a　scream；　a　whisper；　a　rasp；　a　sob；　a　choke；　and　a　gasp。　The
utterances　of　animals；　though　e……the　cat's
purr；　its　mew；　its　angry；　jerky；　scolding　spit；　the　dog's　bow…wow　of
warning　or　of　joyous　wele；　its　yelp　of　despair；　and　its　contented
snore；　the　cow's　moo；　a　monkey's　chatter；　the　snort　of　a　horse；　the
lion's　roar；　and　the　terrible　snarl　of　the　tiger。　Perhaps　I　ought　to
add；　for　the　benefit　of　the　critics　and　doubters　who　may　peruse　this
essay；　that　with　my　own　hands　I　have　felt　all　these　sounds。　From　my
childhood　to　the　present　day　I　have　availed　myself　of　every　opportunity
to　visit　zoological　gardens；　menageries；　and　the　circus；　and　all　the
animals；　except　the　tiger；　have　talked　into　my　hand。　I　have　touched　the
tiger　only　in　a　museum；　where　he　is　as　harmless　as　a　lamb。　I　have；
however；　heard　him　talk　by　putting　my　hand　on　the　bars　of　his　cage。　I
have　touched　several　lions　in　the　flesh；　and　felt　them　roar　royally；
like　a　cataract　over　rocks。

To　continue；　I　know　the　_plop_　of　liquid　in　a　pitcher。　So　if　I　spill　my
milk；　I　have　not　the　excuse　of　ignorance。　I　am　also　familiar　with　the
pop　of　a　cork；　the　sputter　of　a　flame；　the　tick…tack　of　the　clock；　the
metallic　swing　of　the　windmill；　the　laboured　rise　and　fall　of　the　pump；
the　voluminous　spurt　of　the　hose；　the　deceptive　tap　of　the　breeze　at
door　and　window；　and　many　other　vibrations　past　puting。

There　are　tactual　vibrations　which　do　not　belong　to　skin…touch。　They
perate　the　skin；　the　nerves；　the